相信大家对引述动词(reporting verb)的概念并不陌生。引述动词在英文写作中主要的功能是帮助陈述引用文献的论点、看法或结果等信息,例如:
Homburg and Wielgos (2022) argued that the effective deployment of digital marketing capabilities relies on both organizational contingencies and environmental contingencies.
英文中有许多引述动词,在写作时做适当变化可以避免单调的用词。引述动词也常用来表达作者对所引述内容的立场和态度,因此在使用时须慎选使用。根据引述动词表达立场的程度可分成三类:同意、中立、不同意。
同意的引述动词
使用同意的引述动词时,代表您认同所引述信息的论点;这类引述动词常见的有:“acknowledge、verify、recognize、admit、highlight、reveal、explain、support” 等,例如:
Baehre et al. (2022) acknowledged that net promoter score can effectively predict sales growth under certain conditions.
Baehre et al. (2022) verified net promoter score to be an effective predictor of sales growth under certain conditions.
中立的引述动词
中立的引述动词常用于客观呈现相关信息和论点。这类引述动词常见的有:“describe、state、observe、discuss、say、report” 等,例如:
Dawar et al. (1996) observed that more uncertainty-avoidant people tend to seek marketing information from trusted personal sources.
Verlegh et al. (2013) reported that incentivized word of mouth leads to an unfavorable attitude.
不同意的引述动词
使用不同意的引述动词时,可清楚表明您对引述论点持有不同意见。当然您可能会需要讨论不同意引述的论点或指出您认为不合理的地方。这类的表述,常可用 “however” 作为开头。这类的引述动词常见的有:“claim、insist、allege、assume、surmise、suppose” 等,举例来说:
Winterich et al. (2009) claimed that women are more likely to include outsiders into their in-group when they make donation decisions.
Dawar et al. (1996) alleged that people in low-power-distance cultures are more prone to impersonal information acquisition.
您可以试着比较看看以下几个句子有什么差异:
句子1:Homburg and Wielgos (2022) recognized that digital marketing capabilities enhance a company’s performance.
句子2:Homburg and Wielgos (2022) stated that digital marketing capabilities enhance a company’s performance.
句子3:Homburg and Wielgos (2022) claimed that digital marketing capabilities enhance a company’s performance.
在论述内容相同的情况下,以上句子只有些许的差异,但透过不同的引述动词能清楚地表达出作者所持有的不同立场:
句子1:Homburg和Wielgos认同数位营销能力可以增进企业的表现。
(作者本身也认同这个论点)
句子2:Homburg 和Wielgos 表示数位营销能力可以增进企业的表现。
(作者没有表达自己的立场,仅客观呈现过去研究的论点)
句子3:Homburg 和Wielgos声称数位营销能力可以增进企业的表现。
(作者并不同意这一个观点)